In the late 1962s, some of the emblems of femininity became targets of
feminist activism. Feminists charged that these objects, typified as
patriarchal, reduced women to the status of sex objects. Some women publicly
disavowed bras in an anti-sexist act of female liberation.
When Germaine Greer stated that "Bras are a ludicrous invention,"
her statement resonated with many women who had been questioning the role of
the bra. Pivotal in popular bra culture is a now-notorious protest against the
1968 Miss America
beauty pageant,seen as an oppression of women. About 400 women from the New
York Radical Women were involved in a demonstration at the Atlantic City
Convention Hall shortly after the Democratic National Convention. Protesters saw the pageant and its symbols as
an oppression of women (because of its emphasis on an arbitrary standard of
beauty, and its elevation of its choice of the "most beautiful girl in America"
to a pedestal for public worship and commercial exploitation). On 7 September
1968, a "Freedom Trash Can" was placed on the ground, and filled with
bras, high-heeled shoes, false eyelashes, girdles, curlers, hairspray, makeup, corsets,
magazines (such as Playboy), and other items thought to be "instruments of
torture," accouterments of enforced femininity. Someone suggested lighting
a fire, but a permit could not be obtained, and so (contrary to the subsequent
urban legend) there was no burning, nor did anyone take off her bra. Another
similar protest was held in 1970. At least one actual public bra-burning is
documented, at a feminist rally in Lower
Sproul Plaza
in Berkeley, CA on June 2, 1970, where a 38-C bra was
included among a number of items (including birth control pills, nylons and a
copy of Redbook) that were ceremonially burned in a wastebasket with a
fire extinguisher handy.
The Atlantic City
event received quite a bit of media coverage at the time but the notion of
women burning their bras was merely a concatenation of several movements,
including sexual liberation, in the media imagery. A number of journalists who
wrote descriptions of the incident drew parallels with the young men who had
burned their draft cards in opposition to the Vietnam War with the women's
action and used the term "bra-burning." These parallels were
encouraged by organisers such as Robin Morgan. Lindsay van Gelder's account in
the New York Post carried a headline "Bra Burners and Miss America".
The phrase became headline material and was quickly associated with women who
chose to go braless, following Germaine Greer's comments. Feminism and
"bra-burning" then became linked in popular culture and Greer became
a metaphor for bra burning. It has been suggested that the association between
feminism and bra-burning was encouraged by those in opposition to the feminist
movement, as it created an image less of women seeking freedom from sexism,
appearing more as though they were attempting to assert themselves as sexual
beings. This might lead to the assumption that, as Bonnie J. Dow wrote in her
article "Feminism, Miss America, and Media Mythology," they were
merely trying to be " bra is trendy, and to attract men."
The association between "bra-burning" and the feminist movement
has led to somewhat of a misrepresentation of the movement and the actual
purpose of the "freedom trash can." By being associated with an act
like bra-burning, feminists may be seen, by those less knowledgeable of the
movement, as law-breaking radicals, eager to shock the public. For obvious
reasons, this is not good for the movement, and promotes the efforts of those
against feminism to invalidate the movement.Since then anti-feminists have used
"bra burning" and "braless" as a way of attempting to
trivialize the feminist movement.
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